Lesson 1. Networks

Lesson Objective

Define what a computer network is (LAN, WAN and PAN).
Define the term Standalone Machine.
Give examples of different computer networks.
Identify and explain advantages and disadvantages of computer networks.

Lesson Notes

What is a Network?

A network is a group of computers connected together that can share data and resources. The biggest network in the world is the Internet, a collection of networks all round the world

Local Area Nerwork (LAN)

Characteristics of a LAN:

LAN operates over a small geographical area. Such as a school site or a small business office.
LAN also relies on its own hardware and cabling systems to communicate data.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Characteristics of a WAN:

WAN operates over a large geographical area. Such as The Internet.
WAN relies on the hardware, cabling and communication systems of other networks (LANs) to communicate data.

Personal Area Network (PAN or W(Wireless)PAN)

A WPAN is a group of devices connected without wires or cables. Most PANs for everyday use are wireless, using close-range wireless protocols like Bluetooth. The range of a WPAN is usually very small, typically not efficient over distances larger than 5-10 meters.

Examples: One common real-world example of a PAN is the connection between a Bluetooth earpiece and a smartphone. PANs can also connect laptops, tablets, printers, keyboards, and other computerized devices.

Hotspot? While devices within a PAN can exchange data with each other, PANs typically do not connect directly to the Internet. However, a device within a PAN can be connected to a local area network (LAN), which in turn connects to the Internet.

Extra: PAN and BAN (Body Area Network) are different. A Body Area Network (BAN) typically refers to medical sensors with wireless connectivity placed on, embedded in, or carried near the human body.

Advantages of Networks

Resource Sharing: Networks allow devices to share resources such as printers, which can save costs and improve efficiency.
Cost-Effectiveness: Licensing software for a network is often cheaper than buying standalone licenses for individual computers.
File Sharing: Files can be easily shared between users connected to the network.
Communication: Users within a network can communicate via email and instant messaging.
Security: Network security is generally better; users cannot directly access each other's files.
Data Backup: Data stored on a file server can be easily backed up.

Disadvantages of Networks

Initial Costs: Setting up network cabling and file servers can be expensive.
Complex Management: Managing a large network requires training and often a dedicated network manager.
Server Dependency: If the file server fails, files become inaccessible.
Isolation: While email might still work, computers can be isolated if the server breaks down.
Virus Spread: Viruses can spread across the network to other computers.
Security Risks: Security procedures are essential to prevent hacking and unauthorized access.

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